class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide <style type="text/css"> .remark-slide table{ border: none } .remark-slide-table { } tr:first-child { border-top: none; } tr:last-child { border-bottom: none; } </style> # Introducción a R para la epidemiología aplicada ### Pivotar datos ## [contact@appliedepi.org](mailto:contact@appliedepi.org) --- # Restructurando datos *pivotar, remodelar, fundir, moldear, transformar...* tablas de datos <img src="../../images/joins_pivots/Pivoting_500x500.png" width="222" height="100%" /> --- # ¿Qué es pivotar? - Las *tablas dinámicas de Excel* son una forma de resumir y agregar datos -- - En R, **pivotar** una tabla de datos tiene un **significado diferente** -- - Piensa que significa *restructar* o *manipular* la tabla de datos -- - Utilizaremos las funciones `pivot_wider()` y `pivot_longer()` del paquete {tidyr} -- - A menudo verás ejemplos que utilizan funciones alternativas de otros paquetes: - `melt()` y `cast()` de {reshape2} - `gather()` y `spread()` los 'antepasados' de las funciones `pivot_()` de {tidyr} - `melt()` y `dcast()` de {data.table} --- # Datos ordenados ¿Recuerdas los 3 principios de los "datos ordenados"? -- 1. Cada **valor** debe tener su propia **celda** -- 2. Cada **variable** debe tener su propia **columna** -- 3. Cada **observación** debe tener su propia **fila** --- # Terminología Estructuralmente, las tablas de datos ("dataframes") en R tienen **columnas** y **filas**. -- Sin embargo, las **"variables"** y **"observaciones"** representan conceptos más *abstractos*: - Las **variables** miden un *atributo subyacente* (edad, resultado, o fecha de inicio de síntomas) - Las **observaciones** se refieren a una *unidad de análisis* -- Idealmente, se alinean: **columnas = variables** y **filas = observaciones** <img src="../../images/data_cleaning/tidy_image_es.png" width="746" height="65%" /> .footnote[Fuente de la imagen: [R para la Ciencia de Datos](https://r4ds.had.co.nz/tidy-data.html)] --- # Pivotar a lo largo .pull-left[ La entrada de datos suele ser en formato "ancho" <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> pais </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1999 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2000 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2001 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2002 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 8000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 7500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9250 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 10200 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 20100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 25650 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 26800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 27255 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5120 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5860 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> - Las características de un sujeto se almacenan en una sola fila - Útil para presentar - **No** es ideal para algunos tipos de análisis. ] -- .pull-right[ **Más fácil de analizar en formato "largo"** <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> pais </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> anio </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> casos </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 1999 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 8000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 7500 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2001 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9250 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 10200 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 1999 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 20100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 25650 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2001 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 26800 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 27255 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 1999 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4500 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5120 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2001 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5860 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] --- # Ejemplo en {ggplot2} ¿Cómo graficamos los casos a lo largo del tiempo para los tres países? <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> pais </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1999 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2000 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2001 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2002 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 8000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 7500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9250 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 10200 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 20100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 25650 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 26800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 27255 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5120 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 5860 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ```r ggplot(data = ejemplo, mapping = aes(x = ???, y = ???))+ geom_line() ``` --- # Pivotar a lo largo .pull-left[ <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-1bf0fda0{}.cl-1bee46e6{font-family:'Helvetica';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bef671a{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bef6724{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bef6f8a{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fa8{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fa9{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fbc{width:0.752in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fbd{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fd0{width:0.752in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fd1{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bef6fda{width:0.752in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-1bf0fda0'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-1bef6f8a"><p class="cl-1bef671a"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">pais</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bef6fa8"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">1999</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bef6fa8"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">2000</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bef6fa8"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">2001</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bef6fa8"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">2002</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bef6fa9"><p class="cl-1bef671a"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fbc"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">8,000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fbc"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">7,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fbc"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">9,250</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fbc"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">10,200</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bef6fbd"><p class="cl-1bef671a"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fd0"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">20,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fd0"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">25,650</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fd0"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">26,800</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fd0"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">27,255</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bef6fd1"><p class="cl-1bef671a"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fda"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">4,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fda"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">5,120</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fda"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">5,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bef6fda"><p class="cl-1bef6724"><span class="cl-1bee46e6">5,860</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> - Estos **nombres de columna se pivotarán** ] --- # Pivotar a lo largo .pull-left[ <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-1c006ec0{}.cl-1bfd84d0{font-family:'Helvetica';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bfebb7a{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bfebb7b{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1bfed31c{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed31d{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed326{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed344{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed345{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed362{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed376{width:0.769in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1bfed377{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-1c006ec0'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-1bfed31c"><p class="cl-1bfebb7a"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">pais</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bfed31d"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">1999</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bfed31d"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">2000</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bfed31d"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">2001</span></p></th><th class="cl-1bfed31d"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">2002</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bfed326"><p class="cl-1bfebb7a"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed344"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">8,000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed344"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">7,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed344"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">9,250</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed344"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">10,200</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bfed345"><p class="cl-1bfebb7a"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed362"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">20,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed362"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">25,650</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed362"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">26,800</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed362"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">27,255</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1bfed376"><p class="cl-1bfebb7a"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed377"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">4,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed377"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">5,120</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed377"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">5,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1bfed377"><p class="cl-1bfebb7b"><span class="cl-1bfd84d0">5,860</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> - Estos **valores se reordenarán** ] --- # Pivotar a lo largo .pull_left[ <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-1c0ad3d8{}.cl-1c0831a0{font-family:'Helvetica';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c093a96{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c093abe{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c094298{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c0942a2{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c0942e8{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c0942fc{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c094306{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c094310{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c094311{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c09431a{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-1c0ad3d8'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-1c094298"><p class="cl-1c093a96"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">pais</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c0942a2"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">1999</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c0942a2"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">2000</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c0942a2"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">2001</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c0942a2"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">2002</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c0942e8"><p class="cl-1c093a96"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c0942fc"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">8,000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c0942fc"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">7,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c0942fc"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">9,250</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c0942fc"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">10,200</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c094306"><p class="cl-1c093a96"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c094310"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">20,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c094310"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">25,650</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c094310"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">26,800</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c094310"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">27,255</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c094311"><p class="cl-1c093a96"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c09431a"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">4,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c09431a"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">5,120</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c09431a"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">5,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c09431a"><p class="cl-1c093abe"><span class="cl-1c0831a0">5,860</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> - Estos **identificadores se replicarán** ] --- # Pivotar a lo largo .pull-left[ <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-1c17b800{}.cl-1c15114a{font-family:'Helvetica';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c161db0{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c161dba{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c162580{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625c6{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625d0{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625da{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625db{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625dc{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625e4{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c1625e5{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-1c17b800'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-1c162580"><p class="cl-1c161db0"><span class="cl-1c15114a">pais</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c1625c6"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">1999</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c1625c6"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">2000</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c1625c6"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">2001</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c1625c6"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">2002</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c1625d0"><p class="cl-1c161db0"><span class="cl-1c15114a">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625da"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">8,000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625da"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">7,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625da"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">9,250</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625da"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">10,200</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c1625db"><p class="cl-1c161db0"><span class="cl-1c15114a">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625dc"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">20,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625dc"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">25,650</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625dc"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">26,800</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625dc"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">27,255</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c1625e4"><p class="cl-1c161db0"><span class="cl-1c15114a">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625e5"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">4,500</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625e5"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">5,120</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625e5"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">5,100</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c1625e5"><p class="cl-1c161dba"><span class="cl-1c15114a">5,860</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <img src="../../images/joins_pivots/pivot_command_es.png" width="100%" /> - Selecciona las columnas a pivotar - Proporciona 2 **nuevos nombres de columna** ] .pull-right[ <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-1c24327e{}.cl-1c214da2{font-family:'Helvetica';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c22745c{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c227466{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-1c227ce0{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227cea{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d08{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(203, 195, 227, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d09{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d12{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d13{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d14{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d15{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d1c{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d1d{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d1e{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d26{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d27{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d3a{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d58{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d59{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d5a{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d6c{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d6d{width:0.769in;background-color:rgba(173, 216, 230, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d76{width:0.625in;background-color:rgba(255, 165, 0, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-1c227d80{width:0.752in;background-color:rgba(49, 163, 84, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-1c24327e'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-1c227ce0"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">pais</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c227cea"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">anio</span></p></th><th class="cl-1c227d08"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">casos</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d09"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d12"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">1999</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d13"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">8,000</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d09"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d12"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d13"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">7,500</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d09"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d12"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2001</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d13"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">9,250</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d09"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Nigeria</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d12"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2002</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d13"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">10,200</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d14"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d15"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">1999</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d1c"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">20,100</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d1d"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d1e"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d26"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">25,650</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d1d"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d1e"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2001</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d26"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">26,800</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d14"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">India</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d15"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2002</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d1c"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">27,255</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d27"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d3a"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">1999</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d58"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">4,500</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d14"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d15"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2000</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d1c"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">5,120</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d59"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d5a"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2001</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d6c"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">5,100</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-1c227d6d"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">Brazil</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d76"><p class="cl-1c22745c"><span class="cl-1c214da2">2002</span></p></td><td class="cl-1c227d80"><p class="cl-1c227466"><span class="cl-1c214da2">5,860</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> ] --- # Comando ggplot .pull-left[ ```r ejemplo %>% pivot_longer( cols = `1999`:`2002`, names_to = "anio", values_to = "casos") %>% ggplot(mapping = aes( * x = anio, * y = casos, * color = pais, * group = pais))+ geom_line() ``` **Nota** este ejemplo esta incluido en la carpeta del curso como un script de R titulado "demo\_pivot_es.R" en la subcarpeta "ebola/scripts/ejemplos". ] .pull-right[ <img src="intro08-2_es_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="504" /> ] --- # Pivotar a lo ancho En este curso no trataremos pivotar a lo ancho, porque no se utiliza con tanta frecuencia. Puedes explorar varios ejemplos en estos capítulos del Manual de Epi R: - [Pivotar datos](https://epirhandbook.com/es/pivoting-data.html#long-to-wide) - [Tablas descriptivas con {dplyr}](https://epirhandbook.com/es/descriptive-tables.html#tbls_pivot_wider) <img src="../../images/joins_pivots/pivot_wider_new_es.png" width="406" height="100%" /> --- class: inverse, center, middle # Ejercicio Ir al sitio web del curso Abre el ejercicio del Módulo 7 parte 2, e inicia sesión Sigue las instrucciones para volver a tu proyecto R "ébola" y continúa codificando en tu script RMD Avísale a un instructor si no estás seguro de lo que tienes que hacer <img src="../../images/breakout/window.png" width="50%" />